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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
بهره هوشی، ضریب هوشی
In this new edition we outline the history and discuss central issues such as IQ and
for an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was taken up by the US College Board, which in 1926
an IQ above a certain level could have the opportunity to beneft from tertiary education.
It seemed that IQ testing, while
Early attempts to address the discriminating consequences of group differences in IQ،In 1973, the IQ cutoff score for mental retardation suggested by AAMR was 85.
The decisions to include adaptive behavior deficits and onset within the developmental period as defining criteria for IDD and reducing the IQ score criteria to 70 from 85 have all resulted from movements initiated by AAMR.
In 2002, AAMR launched a definition for IDD that ushered in a paradigm shift moving away from the DSM classification of severity of IDD based on ranges of IQ scores, to focusing on the indi- vidual needs and intensity of service required to meet those needs.
In keeping with AAIDD, the DSM-5 has also made changes to the criteria for IDD, with an increasing emphasis on moving away from defining levels of severity based on IQ to a recognition of support needed based on levels of adaptive functioning in three domains (conceptual, social, practical).
Initially, education used an IQ of 85 for IDD, in keeping with recommendations proposed by AAMR (1973) at that time, however, the majority of districts have changed to an IQ of 70, following AAMR lead.
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